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all right welcome everybody to the

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digital learning network here at nasa's

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johnson space center we have endeavour

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elementary school um from cocoa florida

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uh they're actually going to be

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connecting to mission control the

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international space station flight

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control room uh now i'd like to

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introduce uh folks inside mission

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control we have public affairs officer

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pat ryan and uh miss laura beachy who is

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an ethos officer inside mission control

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so now let's go ahead and take away go

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ahead and miss control and talk to the

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students thank you michael

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i'm pat ryan with the public affairs

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office here at the johnson space center

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in houston and with me is a laura beachy

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she is one of the ethos officers who is

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a member of the flight control team that

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is watching over the international space

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station as it flies laura explain

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quickly for us what an ethos officer

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does what parts of the station are you

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are you working with so i'm working with

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the environmental and thermal aspects we

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keep the space station at a

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certain pressure and temperature for

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crew comfort

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all of the equipment that's power

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generates heat so we have a water

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cooling system that takes the heat away

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from all of that equipment

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we manage iss emergencies if a fire were

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to occur on board or let's say we were

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to get hit by a piece of space debris

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and start losing pressure

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then we help the crew safe themselves

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and potentially try to isolate the

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leaking module we take care of if a

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toxic spill occurs we help lead the crew

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to safety and guide the team

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on the right steps to take to keep the

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crew and the vehicle safe

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we we provide for experiments that come

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out of marshall we provide them with

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smoke detection

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access to

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space

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for any experiments that want the vat to

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use the vacuum system

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it's a really cool job and we get to do

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a lot of coordinating with our ips a lot

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of different places uh so there's a good

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idea of what laura does here and i think

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when the questions breathe on the space

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station where does the carbon dioxide

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a little louder yeah

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i think your question was what happens

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to the carbon dioxide when the

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astronauts breathe on the station but

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yeah a little louder the next will help

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us what does happen to the carbon

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dioxide so we have two systems that

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collect the carbon dioxide there's one

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on the russian segment and one in the

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u.s on the russian segment we have the

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vas duke and on the u.s segment it's we

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call it this sidra so both of those

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systems can collect all the co2 out of

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the air that pass through them and then

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we hold on to them in these beds and

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then eventually it gets

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dumped overboard or on the u.s side we

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can actually take some of that co2 back

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and recombine it with hydrogen and make

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okay next question

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um

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no

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of people so you can see

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in in the videos of the control center

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there's a lot of people in the room that

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we all work together with and then even

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at my console there's i have a whole

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team of people that we take turns

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working at the console and we take turns

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you know doing our paperwork and all our

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coordination so there in the view you

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can see gosh at least

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10 or 15 people that are in the room

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right now we're all working together for

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the same goal and each of those people

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that you see that are in this room right

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now are working on a different

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part of the space station working on

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watching different systems and each one

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of them has another team of people in

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another room in the building somewhere

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that are helping them keep up with

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atmosphere

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so we fly nitrogen and oxygen up to

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space station to keep this station

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pressurized um and then we also have two

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pieces of equipment that can generate

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oxygen we've got the electron on the

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russian segment and the oga on the u.s

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segment so we can constantly make oxygen

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and then we've also got this stored

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nitrogen that we can add in when we need

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to

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we can bring

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oxygen up but that costs it's heavy and

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it costs a lot of money to fly things in

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space and that's why we have systems

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that can make it out of the things that

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how do they take showers in space

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so that's a really good question they

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don't yeah really they don't

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most of the crew members just sort of

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have to wipe themselves down with the

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cloth so it's just soap and water and

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you kind of just have to to wipe

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can they sweat in space

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yes the crew members can definitely

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sweat in space um the sweat acts a

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little bit differently um it kind of

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will stick to their skin because of all

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the surface tension and then can can all

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the water can collect and then they have

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to wipe themselves off with a towel to

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get it and then we actually

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take that sweat and collect it and then

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we can reprocess it into clean drinking

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why is the air taken out of the food

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packages

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so i i'm not the right person to to

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fully answer that question well the

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biggest reason is that that's how they

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can store it for a long period of time

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uh as i was saying before about oxygen

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anything that you bring up to the

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station it it's difficult to get things

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up in space and that includes the food

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but food is very important you have to

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have it so you

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send a lot of food that is made to be

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able to to last on board for a long

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period of time it can be up there for

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years before it's eaten and you take the

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air out of those packages so that it

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doesn't doesn't spoil while you're

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waiting for it to be eaten

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there's actually different kinds of food

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there's some of it that comes up in

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other kinds of packaging and they have a

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lot real variety of food but

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the

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why is it important for humans to

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explore space well that's a great

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question so

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for me personally i i just have this

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goal and drive to learn everything and

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all we can and i think space exploration

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just gives us an opportunity to satisfy

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that goal to learn as much as we can

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we're learning a lot about the history

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of the solar system and the history of

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our planet by exploring space

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just iss in particular gives us an

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opportunity to work with our

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international partners for a common goal

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and all work together for something

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um

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and on iss we're doing we're learning a

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lot about you know

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the way that humans adapt in extreme

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environments for the body and the mind

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and we're doing a lot of research on

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medicine

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and how and how things like fire fire

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reacts in space and all of that is

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helping us to understand just

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our bodies and systems more even on

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why is there a satellite on your mission

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path

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are you um which mission which mission

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the one in space

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is that the expedition 39 patch because

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i know that there's a actually there's a

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star above the

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above the international space station on

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that patch

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patches has

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all the crew members names and it has

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an image of the station and the soyuz

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vehicle that takes them there and that

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star that's above it on that patch is

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meant to represent explorations of the

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future uh

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as laura was saying before we want to

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explore space to go find out what's out

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there and there are going to be future

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explorations that go beyond this space

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station go beyond

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they're going to go back to the moon and

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go to asteroids and go to mars and go to

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other places and all of that is

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represented by that star on the

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how can oxygen start a fire in space

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so

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oxygen itself won't start the fire it

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also needs so we need the oxygen we need

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some kind of ignition source like a

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spark or a match um and then we need

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something to fuel the fire that would

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actually burn like some clothing or what

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would act as as your wood in your

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fireplace on the ground so you need all

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those three pieces i mean we take a lot

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of precautions on board to make sure

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that those three legs of the fire

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triangle

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don't won't

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combine yeah and start a fire and then

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our our fire fighting tactics involve

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trying to eliminate one of those three

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legs we can take out the oxygen source

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or we try to try to eliminate the spark

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or take away whatever it is that's

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burning

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oxygen could be a part of a fire in

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space just like it could be a part of a

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fire on earth but it doesn't burn just

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all by itself it has to be something

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else there that's right and we we take a

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lot of precautions with the materials

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that we fly on board to make sure that

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they're not fire propagating and

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managing our oxygen levels that they

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don't get too high

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why do astronauts train in space

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you want to ask the question again i

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mean training water

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that's trained in water

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yeah so um the crew trains at the nbl

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down here in houston and um the training

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underwater gives them an opportunity to

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experience as close to weightlessness as

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possible so we've got this huge above

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ground pool for them to get in that they

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have enough space to put on their suits

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we've got a mock-up of iss under the

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water and so

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that's just that's as close as we can

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get here on earth where we have gravity

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to the feeling like there's no gravity

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it's a way to to make it feel like

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you're weightless for an extended period

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of time we have another way to make

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people feel weightless for really short

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periods of time when they fly on an

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airplane that does a parabola and at the

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top of that arc

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people inside it experience

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weightlessness but only for about 20

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seconds at a time or so under water they

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can feel pretty much like they're

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why does air pressure change when door

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so when when a door lock is opened

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i think maybe what you're referring to

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is that there could be two different

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pressures on either side of a door so if

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a lock is open then you

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allow a pathway for air to pass through

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and then for the two

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pressures on either side to equalize so

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then you feel

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that feeling of of

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maybe if you're on the side of the door

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at the higher pressure

281
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you lose a little bit of pressure

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because it'll go down to the lower side

283
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or if you're on the side with the lower

284
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maybe you you feel that that burst or

285
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that moment where the pressure is

286
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equalizing and your pressure on your

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side is getting a little higher

288
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but naturally the the air pressure is

289
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going to seek a lower it's going to it's

290
00:13:01,590 --> 00:12:59,920
going to try to even out okay i got the

291
00:13:02,949 --> 00:13:01,600
right scientific word for it

292
00:13:04,550 --> 00:13:02,959
equalize it's going to try to get

293
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equalized so if you have high and low

294
00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:06,480
pressures at this at the same place

295
00:13:13,269 --> 00:13:08,079
they're going to try to get back to the

296
00:13:18,550 --> 00:13:14,949
what does internal

297
00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:20,550
and so i think you might mean in

298
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:22,320
reference to what i do the internal

299
00:13:27,190 --> 00:13:24,720
thermal control system so for the

300
00:13:28,790 --> 00:13:27,200
internal thermal control system um

301
00:13:30,550 --> 00:13:28,800
that's that system where we have all

302
00:13:33,030 --> 00:13:30,560
these water loops running through the

303
00:13:34,710 --> 00:13:33,040
space station and we collect the heat

304
00:13:36,550 --> 00:13:34,720
from all the batteries and all the

305
00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:36,560
equipment that generates heat on the

306
00:13:39,990 --> 00:13:38,480
space station so we collect it in our

307
00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:40,000
water loop

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00:13:44,790 --> 00:13:42,959
and then it comes to

309
00:13:47,910 --> 00:13:44,800
we call it an interface heat exchanger

310
00:13:50,629 --> 00:13:47,920
but so our warmed up water lines will

311
00:13:52,949 --> 00:13:50,639
then flow past really cold ammonia lines

312
00:13:55,269 --> 00:13:52,959
and we transfer our heat to the

313
00:14:06,069 --> 00:13:55,279
external thermal control system where it

314
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:11,509
how do you stay warm or cold in space

315
00:14:14,150 --> 00:14:13,040
well it helps to be cool to start with

316
00:14:17,110 --> 00:14:14,160
it does

317
00:14:18,629 --> 00:14:17,120
and then on the space station

318
00:14:20,470 --> 00:14:18,639
there's actually air conditioners in a

319
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:20,480
lot of the modules just like

320
00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:21,920
you have at home

321
00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:23,120
well of course they're set up a little

322
00:14:27,990 --> 00:14:24,320
bit differently

323
00:14:29,829 --> 00:14:28,000
but so the the space station itself

324
00:14:31,829 --> 00:14:29,839
there's a lot of heat from the equipment

325
00:14:33,590 --> 00:14:31,839
that's running from the crew members

326
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:33,600
just body heat

327
00:14:37,509 --> 00:14:35,040
and then we run

328
00:14:39,030 --> 00:14:37,519
our air conditioners and and collect all

329
00:14:41,189 --> 00:14:39,040
that heat to keep things cool for the

330
00:14:43,269 --> 00:14:41,199
astronauts and they can call down and

331
00:14:45,189 --> 00:14:43,279
tell us you know hey i'm too cold can

332
00:14:46,949 --> 00:14:45,199
you make it warmer in here um then we

333
00:14:48,629 --> 00:14:46,959
can we can send some commands and adjust

334
00:14:49,910 --> 00:14:48,639
things for them or they can you know

335
00:14:55,829 --> 00:14:49,920
tell us they're too

336
00:14:55,839 --> 00:15:01,030
what do you enjoy most about your job

337
00:15:05,750 --> 00:15:01,990
so

338
00:15:07,110 --> 00:15:05,760
for me i i love the opportunities to

339
00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:07,120
coordinate with the international

340
00:15:11,670 --> 00:15:08,880
partners so we work with the russians

341
00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:11,680
the europeans the japanese every day

342
00:15:15,189 --> 00:15:13,760
i really like that

343
00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:15,199
i also definitely work with some of the

344
00:15:20,310 --> 00:15:17,760
smartest people in the world and we get

345
00:15:22,870 --> 00:15:20,320
opportunities to be really creative and

346
00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:22,880
innovative if something breaks then we

347
00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:24,959
can all get together and

348
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:27,120
you know think about the the coolest

349
00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:30,160
ideas to fix it and really we get a lot

350
00:15:34,310 --> 00:15:32,240
of opportunities to think outside the

351
00:15:36,389 --> 00:15:34,320
box and use

352
00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:36,399
equipment for things that it wasn't

353
00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:40,079
necessarily designed or created to do

354
00:15:44,389 --> 00:15:42,160
i just i really love that it's a really

355
00:15:45,829 --> 00:15:44,399
fun job it's really dynamic so it keeps

356
00:15:50,230 --> 00:15:45,839
you on your toes it's constantly

357
00:15:55,430 --> 00:15:52,629
who or what inspired you to pursue your

358
00:15:58,629 --> 00:15:55,440
job

359
00:15:59,829 --> 00:15:58,639
so when i was in high school i had a

360
00:16:04,389 --> 00:15:59,839
really

361
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:04,399
and he used

362
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:05,600
a lot of

363
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:10,160
class to show us how fun physics could

364
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:11,360
really be

365
00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:14,959
so i opted to pursue physics in college

366
00:16:20,710 --> 00:16:18,320
and while there i developed a strong

367
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:20,720
interest in biophysics and also

368
00:16:25,269 --> 00:16:22,880
astrophysics so after graduating there

369
00:16:28,069 --> 00:16:25,279
was really no place else to go so here

370
00:16:30,310 --> 00:16:28,079
at nasa i can explore my you know my

371
00:16:33,189 --> 00:16:30,320
astrophysics interests and then for me

372
00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:33,199
ethos was kind of the perfect place to

373
00:16:40,550 --> 00:16:34,800
to learn a little bit about biophysics

374
00:16:45,189 --> 00:16:44,389
what is the average temperature in space

375
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:45,199
so

376
00:16:49,430 --> 00:16:47,920
space can get really really cold and and

377
00:16:53,430 --> 00:16:49,440
really really hot i've heard it can get

378
00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:53,440
to negative 450 fahrenheit and up to 450

379
00:16:57,829 --> 00:16:55,680
or 350 fahrenheit

380
00:17:00,949 --> 00:16:57,839
so it really depends on

381
00:17:03,910 --> 00:17:00,959
where you are relative to the sun and

382
00:17:05,590 --> 00:17:03,920
whether or not the sun is shining on you

383
00:17:07,909 --> 00:17:05,600
at that moment we've even heard

384
00:17:11,350 --> 00:17:07,919
astronauts who are outside the station

385
00:17:13,750 --> 00:17:11,360
during spacewalks uh talk about how

386
00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:13,760
they can feel a dramatic change just as

387
00:17:20,230 --> 00:17:16,480
the station moves from in the sun to in

388
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:20,240
the shade from from sun uh in sun to sun

389
00:17:24,630 --> 00:17:22,640
down where sunrise again in the morning

390
00:17:26,710 --> 00:17:24,640
and they have to have heaters in their

391
00:17:28,309 --> 00:17:26,720
gloves and then their suits turned on to

392
00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:28,319
it to compensate for because they can

393
00:17:31,029 --> 00:17:29,440
change

394
00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:31,039
temperature outside around them can

395
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:33,360
change by about 600 degrees in a matter

396
00:17:36,390 --> 00:17:35,039
of just a few minutes yeah i've heard

397
00:17:37,990 --> 00:17:36,400
that too even with like with their eyes

398
00:17:41,669 --> 00:17:38,000
closed and their visors down you can

399
00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:44,150
how much does sunlight affect the

400
00:17:49,190 --> 00:17:47,440
temperature in space

401
00:17:50,870 --> 00:17:49,200
yeah so that's a great follow-up

402
00:17:53,190 --> 00:17:50,880
question because the the sunlight is

403
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:53,200
really what drastically makes an impact

404
00:17:58,070 --> 00:17:55,360
and and is really the only the only way

405
00:18:03,190 --> 00:17:58,080
to warm up the space around around the

406
00:18:09,029 --> 00:18:05,590
how much of waste water are you able to

407
00:18:14,310 --> 00:18:10,549
how much wastewater will be able to

408
00:18:16,549 --> 00:18:14,320
reuse ah yes so i've heard a stat that

409
00:18:18,950 --> 00:18:16,559
we are able to recycle

410
00:18:20,630 --> 00:18:18,960
more than 90 of our wastewater now and

411
00:18:23,190 --> 00:18:20,640
that's with all of our our systems

412
00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:23,200
operating properly so we have a system

413
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:26,640
called the regenerative eclipse system

414
00:18:30,950 --> 00:18:28,400
and so we can collect

415
00:18:31,830 --> 00:18:30,960
urine and reprocess it into really clean

416
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:31,840
water

417
00:18:36,630 --> 00:18:34,080
that sweat that we talked about earlier

418
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:36,640
uh the carbon dioxide to make more water

419
00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:39,760
and make more solutions in the air

420
00:18:43,669 --> 00:18:40,840
bring out their

421
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:43,679
towels yep everything yeah and that's

422
00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:45,760
really important um because we we end up

423
00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:47,840
saving a lot of money so we don't have

424
00:18:53,029 --> 00:18:50,400
to to fly up water

425
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:53,039
and we save a lot of space the space is

426
00:18:57,110 --> 00:18:55,120
very limited on the space station so

427
00:18:58,549 --> 00:18:57,120
that way we don't have to store it and

428
00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:58,559
we can put other more important pieces

429
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:00,640
of equipment there instead and and just

430
00:19:03,909 --> 00:19:02,880
as important for future missions when

431
00:19:05,909 --> 00:19:03,919
we're going to go

432
00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:05,919
far away from earth and can't keep

433
00:19:10,789 --> 00:19:08,000
sending up supplies we have to come up

434
00:19:13,029 --> 00:19:10,799
with a system in which we can reuse all

435
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:13,039
the things that are there

436
00:19:16,950 --> 00:19:15,120
if a ship that's on its way to mars or

437
00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:16,960
some place can't wait for another

438
00:19:20,070 --> 00:19:18,720
shipment of supplies from earth so

439
00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:20,080
that's why we're developing these

440
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:21,919
systems on the space station in order to

441
00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:24,880
be able to have a way to keep astronauts

442
00:19:32,710 --> 00:19:27,120
safe and and well supplied when they uh

443
00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:34,789
how much water do they use

444
00:19:42,310 --> 00:19:38,640
on the iss each day

445
00:19:44,710 --> 00:19:42,320
so we use a lot of water um as an ethos

446
00:19:46,870 --> 00:19:44,720
we try to take into account that on

447
00:19:49,590 --> 00:19:46,880
average a crew member may drink about

448
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:49,600
two and a half liters of water a day

449
00:19:52,789 --> 00:19:50,640
so that's

450
00:19:54,710 --> 00:19:52,799
more than one of your soda bottles on

451
00:19:57,430 --> 00:19:54,720
the ground um

452
00:19:59,590 --> 00:19:57,440
so with with six people two and a half

453
00:20:03,750 --> 00:19:59,600
liters of water a day let's see that's

454
00:20:06,310 --> 00:20:03,760
what 12 15 15 liters of water per day

455
00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:06,320
and then that's split between the u.s

456
00:20:10,149 --> 00:20:08,080
crew members and and the russian crew

457
00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:10,159
members so we work together to to make

458
00:20:13,029 --> 00:20:11,520
sure that all of our crew members have

459
00:20:16,149 --> 00:20:13,039
enough water

460
00:20:19,750 --> 00:20:16,159
always but in and then as you said

461
00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:19,760
90 percent or so of that 15 liters gets

462
00:20:25,430 --> 00:20:22,400
reused gets recycled so we don't have to

463
00:20:27,430 --> 00:20:25,440
supply a new 15 liters every day right

464
00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:27,440
that's right we just got a new

465
00:20:32,149 --> 00:20:29,760
experiment on board the the veggie

466
00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:32,159
payload where the crew is growing

467
00:20:36,149 --> 00:20:34,799
food so now we're having to start

468
00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:36,159
accounting for a little bit more water

469
00:20:46,630 --> 00:20:44,070
we have one more question if it's okay

470
00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:48,470
if we have access to all these

471
00:20:53,350 --> 00:20:50,640
technologies in space

472
00:20:55,590 --> 00:20:53,360
to transfer waste into water and things

473
00:20:58,070 --> 00:20:55,600
like that why don't we use them more on

474
00:21:02,390 --> 00:21:00,710
well we do use them on earth

475
00:21:03,750 --> 00:21:02,400
some of the special systems that have

476
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:03,760
been developed on the international

477
00:21:08,390 --> 00:21:06,320
space station are in use on earth right

478
00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:08,400
now uh it's a

479
00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:10,320
different philosophical and in some

480
00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:12,720
cases a political question in different

481
00:21:17,909 --> 00:21:14,880
areas of the world about why they don't

482
00:21:19,270 --> 00:21:17,919
use them more than they do right now

483
00:21:21,510 --> 00:21:19,280
but in fact

484
00:21:23,270 --> 00:21:21,520
the the water purification system that

485
00:21:25,750 --> 00:21:23,280
laura was talking about

486
00:21:27,909 --> 00:21:25,760
is in use in in places on the earth

487
00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:27,919
right now and especially

488
00:21:31,830 --> 00:21:30,400
because it's a fairly compact system has

489
00:21:34,390 --> 00:21:31,840
been able to be

490
00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:34,400
distributed in areas of the world where

491
00:21:39,190 --> 00:21:36,720
they don't have and can't afford their

492
00:21:41,510 --> 00:21:39,200
own systems so that the station

493
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:41,520
science and the station technology is

494
00:21:45,510 --> 00:21:43,360
being used to help people on earth right

495
00:21:47,029 --> 00:21:45,520
now yep that's right and some of our

496
00:21:48,470 --> 00:21:47,039
systems kind of do

497
00:21:50,710 --> 00:21:48,480
what our earth's atmosphere does in

498
00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:50,720
terms of evaporation and then it rains

499
00:21:55,830 --> 00:21:53,280
and condensation and we we package that

500
00:21:58,870 --> 00:21:55,840
into a small box

501
00:22:02,149 --> 00:21:58,880
and to make it do what our huge earth

502
00:22:05,029 --> 00:22:03,590
all right and this is michael here at

503
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:05,039
the digital learning network again i

504
00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:07,200
want to thank you guys for joining us

505
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:09,200
today and uh

506
00:22:12,549 --> 00:22:10,559
endeavour elementary school would you

507
00:22:16,630 --> 00:22:12,559
like to say bye to the folks at mission

508
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:18,230
all right thanks